小孩子为什么说谎？【内容提示】小孩子全都天真无邪，但并非全都诚实。有好多小孩经常撒谎。小孩撒谎的责任在谁？怪孩子还是怪大人。请你就这一问题写一篇文章，用间接推理的方法论证小孩说谎的原因在家长和老师。【作文示范】Why Do Children Tell Lies?All children are innocent, but not all of them are honest. Quite a few of them tell lies. We frequently hear about children being punished by their parents or teachers for lying. My nephew, an eleven-year-old boy, is often scolded by his mother. Whenever he comes home late, he says that he was at school. But more than once he was found playing with other naughty boys on their way home. Who is to blame now? Is it the children themselves who enjoy telling lies or other people, such as their parents or teachers, who cause them to do so?We have no doubt that children are born to be pure. They grow up, affected by their surroundings. Although they take interest in almost everything, they haven't developed their own powers of independent judgement. They can't tell what's right or what's wrong. Their powers of observation①, in contrast, are much stronger than their powers of judgement. And above all, they are good at imitating②. Unfortunately, we adults sometimes lie. Maybe we find it necessary or have to to do so sometimes. This is something like white lies③. The trouble is that most of us don't avoid doing so before children. Thus, children's lying is, in a way, the result of adult's act.We also believe that children certainly make mistakes. At first, they do have some interest in truth and honesty. A boy has broken a glass, and have admitted his mistakes; he is almost likely scolded instead of being praised by his parents. And when a pupil admits that he misses class one time, he is usually warned not to do that again another time by his teacher. Gradually the child loses the courage to tell the truth; on the contrary, he feels it helpful to tell lies: at least, he can escape being punished here and now. And at last, he concludes that to tell lies is somehow a good way to get rid of trouble. Before long the parents and the teacher will be complaining that the child is always lying, but they seldom realize that it is they who have brought this on the child.【词语解释】①observation[?&bs+'veiM+n]n．观察力②imitate['imiteit]v．模仿③white lie善意的谎言【写法指要】本文在引言段一开头用了一个转折句排除了“all”中的一部分，接着举了一个具体事例引出一个选择性论点“是……还是……”。在正文中，作者运用“排他法”间接论证了孩子们说谎的两种原因：一是环境影响，二是成人误导。最后得出的结论是：小孩说谎的原因不在孩子本身，而在家长和教师。所以，最后还是用排除法把引言段中的选择性论点确定在“还是……”的强调部分了。所以，我们说，本文从头到尾都是用的排他法间接因果论证。排他法的优点是在对错误观点的逐个否定中加强了自己论点的正确性；在肯定或否定一种情况时，既说明了理由，又比较了优劣，有很强的说服力，使人相信最终的选择是惟一正确的。

记一次班级“战斗”

一进教室，我就发现了今天的气氛不一般——空气中都弥漫着浓浓的硝烟味道，每个人的脸上都是凝重的表情，让时间仿佛都凝结起来。战争，一触即发…… ——题记

这是为什么呢？原来，我班即将展开一场主题为“讲诚信与善意的谎言”辩论会，分为正反两方，班级里的同学都在心底里暗暗和对手较着劲……

同学们都到齐了，老师先讲了辩论会的规则与目的，然后，一声令下——“辩论会开始！”随着这声音，正方主辩武莹泽像安上了弹簧一样站起来，阐述了正方的观点，每个正方辩手都在心底里暗暗叫好。我方主辩孙得人也不甘示弱，武莹泽话音刚落，腾地站起来，首先否认了正方的观点，然后发表了我方观点，整个过程干净利落，还边说边比划，首先在气势上压倒了对方，我们心里也有些得意……

这两位辩手的开头，让我们双方的辩手都有了很大的自信，也有了很大的决心，一个一个的发言，此起彼伏的站起。一个人刚发完言，另一方就站起了一堆“精英”，争先恐后的“抢答”，唯恐失去了发言的机会。其中，我抢答的比较厉害，抢到一次机会，干脆就不坐下了，直接看对方怎么回答，再辩论。另外，我抢答还有一个重要的因素——我声音非常大，压过了其它辩手，他们也就不再说话，等我把话说完，做补充了。教室里不是工地，场面却热火朝天；教室里不是战场，战争却无时无刻不在进行……

辩论了半节课，每个人也都有些口干舌燥了。老师宣布中场休息五分钟。我们抓紧时间，讨论下一步的策略，如何置敌人于“死地”……

休息过后，我们没有想到，对方主辩把我方推到了悬崖边上，摇摇欲坠——他让我方主辩回答“是”或“不是”的选择题，把我方绕到了悬崖边上（所有的题回答‘是’都对正方有利，又只能回答‘是’）。我一看，当机立断的站起来，当即立断的回答最后一个问题“不是”，并加以解释。这场危机过去了……

辩论会很快就进入了第二场，虽然场数变了，但是我们战场上的气氛依然如故。有时，救场如救火，一个辩手果断地站起，反驳对方的意见，博得满堂彩；有时，某方占了上风，那一方的辩手们便都有些小小的得意……

“战场”上，我们一展雄风，如骑着骏马斩敌无数；每个人都有了施展自己才能的地方，感到非常自信，非常满足。不知不觉，两节课已经过去了，双方战了个平局。

最终，老师作了一个总结：讲诚信是理性决定的，善意的谎言是情感决定的，生活中缺少哪一样都不行，只有情理相容，我们的生活才会更多姿多彩。

我也想做个总结：战场上是敌人，战场下是同学。战友们的精彩表现，让我方表现的出色；敌人们的出色表现，让我们的辩论更精彩！感谢所有辩手们！

真是一次收获多多的辩论会啊！期待着下一次精彩的辩论！期待着下一次班级“战争”！